Module 10: Printers

Ink, Toner, and More

An introduction to the concepts and practices of modern printing, from core technologies and driverless standards to maintenance and troubleshooting.
Author

Chuck Nelson

Published

November 17, 2025

1 Purpose

This module covers the essential knowledge required to install, maintain, and troubleshoot common printers. We will explore the five major printer types, dive deep into the six-step laser printing process, and cover both legacy and modern standards for printer installation, including driverless printing with IPP Everywhere. The hands-on exercises will give you practical experience managing a modern print server and print queues using the Common Unix Printing System (CUPS).

2 What You’ll Learn

By the end of this module, you will be able to:

  • Differentiate between laser, inkjet, thermal, impact, and 3D printers.
  • Describe the six steps of the laser printing process.
  • Describe how modern printers use IPP and Bonjour for driverless, zero-configuration setup.
  • Contrast the modern printing workflow with the legacy driver-based model.
  • Identify common consumables for laser and inkjet printers.
  • Use CUPS and command-line tools to manage a printer in Linux.

This module maps to the following program and course learning outcomes:

  • Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs):
    • 1. Identify hardware and basic network components: This module focuses on the function, components, and software of a critical hardware peripheral.
    • 3. Troubleshoot hardware and basic network components: This module provides a basis for diagnosing and resolving common issues with printers and print services.

This module will help you develop the following skills and knowledge, which align with the O*NET SOC Code 15-1232.00 for Computer User Support Specialists.

Learning Objective O*NET KSAs Technologies Used
Differentiate printer technologies. Knowledge: Computers & Electronics
Abilities: Category Flexibility, Information Ordering
Laser, Inkjet, Thermal
Describe the laser printing process. Knowledge: Engineering and Technology
Abilities: Information Ordering
EP Process, Fuser, Drum
Install and manage printers in Linux. Knowledge: Computers & Electronics
Skills: Installation, Troubleshooting, Systems Analysis
CUPS, IPP, lp, lpstat

3 Module Content

This module is divided into the following sections, which cover the theory of operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting.

  1. Printer Types and Operation: Details the operation, advantages, and disadvantages of Laser, Inkjet, Thermal, Impact, and 3D printers.

  2. The Six Steps of Laser Printing: A deep dive into the highly-tested A+ concept of the laser printing process: Cleaning, Conditioning, Exposing, Developing, Transferring, and Fusing.

  3. Printer Installation and Drivers: Discusses physical connections, legacy drivers, and modern driverless standards like IPP Everywhere and automatic discovery with Bonjour.

  4. Consumables and Maintenance Kits: Identifies key consumables like toner, ink, drums, and fusers, and explains the purpose of preventive maintenance.

  5. Common Printer Troubleshooting: Covers general printer problems like garbled text, ghosting, paper jams, and network issues.

4 Hands-On Activities

This module includes several hands-on exercises to be completed in your Fedora VM, allowing you to install and manage a virtual printer using modern, standard CUPS tools.

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